Psoriasis

Symptoms & Treatment Features

• Plaques, scaling, and recurrent flares
• Scalp and nail involvement when present
• Treatment adjusted to site, severity, and follow-up response

A chronic inflammatory skin disease

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition that commonly causes sharply defined red plaques with scale. It may involve the body, scalp, folds, palms, soles, and nails, and severity can range from limited but stubborn plaques to extensive disease.

The condition is not contagious. Some patients also develop nail changes or joint symptoms, which makes the history and examination more important than the amount of visible skin involvement alone.

• Plaques with scale on elbows, knees, trunk, or scalp
• Scalp itching and flaking that may mimic severe dandruff
• Nail pitting, thickening, or separation in some patients

What shapes the treatment plan

Site, surface area, thickness of plaques, itch, impact on daily life, and nail or joint involvement all help determine treatment. Triggers such as infection, stress, skin injury, and some medications may also contribute to flares.

• Localized disease may respond well to topical treatment
• Scalp and nail psoriasis often need specifically tailored regimens
• More extensive or disabling disease may need phototherapy or systemic therapy

Modern treatment options

Topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, and other targeted topical agents remain important in mild to moderate disease. For broader or more resistant psoriasis, phototherapy and systemic options, including biologic treatments in appropriate patients, may be considered.

• Topical therapy is often first-line for limited psoriasis
• Phototherapy is useful for selected widespread cases
• Systemic treatment may be appropriate when skin or joints are significantly affected

Related Conditions

• Acne and acne-prone skin
• Hair loss and alopecia
• Atopic dermatitis and eczema
• Urticaria and allergic skin reactions